Impact of Illegal Immigrant Workers on the US Economy Essay Example for Free

Impact of Illegal Immigrant Workers on the US Economy Essay Illegal immigration is tightly woven into the fabric of the US economy. Its prevalence impacts all corners of the financial world, but affects the greatest impact on educational funding, healthcare expenditures and taxes. Illegal immigration tends to be viewed from extreme viewpoints in our country often influenced more by personal biases and political opinions than statistical facts. In reality, the positive and negative effects nearly neutralize each other and it has become a delicate balancing act for politicians to create and maintain a system that works to please both sides and retain economic stability. Illegal immigrants are defined as anyone who is not a US citizen and who is in the country in violation of our immigration laws; this could mean anyone who has entered the country undocumented or falsely documented, those with expired visas or any permanent resident who commits a crime after entry and remains after deportation orders. It is virtually impossible to report exactly how many illegal immigrants reside in the country since they deal with fears of deportation they don’t readily identify themselves, but the INS, Census Bureau, and US General Accounting office estimates put the number somewhere between 2 and 12 million. There is also likely fluctuation based on time of year depending on availability of agricultural work. Most of the illegal immigration debate over the last two decades has focused on Mexican immigrants and California has been used as a model for influencing regulations across the country. This is due to the fact that in the US those of Mexican origin account for over 54% of all illegal immigrants and that California houses over 40% of the illegal immigrant population. This is important to recognize because many of the arguments and proposed or passed laws with regards to this issue stem from the Mexican immigration dilemma in California. (Here is what I could recover- I can get it done by Sunday on the school computers if it will make your due date- I am so sorry again. . . I have been freaking out ‘cause of my computer and then I was stuck at work and couldn’t get to any computer all day yesterday.)

Mountain Dew: Company Analysis

Mountain Dew: Company Analysis Executive Summary: This report is about the Mountain Dew, which was launched in Pakistan in 1994 by Pepsi Cola Inc. It was launched without any prior research of the market. It is a product of Pepsi Cola Inc. Originally it was a private brand, which was later purchased by Pepsi Cola Inc. In this short report first I will explore the reasons of its failure in Pakistan, and then I will suggest a marketing plan to re-launch. Mountain Dew world wide usually target sports oriented and adventure seeking people but due to pattern of living in Pakistan is different so I am going to position it as a refreshing drink with a unique energizing and citrus taste. It competitors include 7 UP (another product of Pepsi which is holding 52 % of share) and Sprite ( a product of Coca Cola holding 38% of market share)in a different way. Threat for re-launching Mountain Dew is that it might affect the sale of 7 UP which is another product of Pepsi Cola Inc. The area which I select to re-launch Mountain Dew is Karachi which is one of the major cities of Pakistan. Company PepsiCo, Incorporated (NYSE: PEP) is a Fortune 500, American multinational corporation headquartered in purchase, New York, with interests in manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and cereal-based snacks, and other foods. Besides the Pepsi brands, the company owns the brands Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Frito Lay, Naked, Tropicana, Copella, Mountain Dew, Mirinda and 7UP (outside the USA). [1] Mission Our mission is to be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. [2] Product Mountain Dew, currently stylized predominantly as Mtn Dew, is a soft drink distributed by PepsiCo, but remains its own brand. The formula was made and first marketed in Marion, VA, Knoxville and Johnson City, Tennessee, USA through the 1940s, then in Fayetteville, North Carolina by Barney and Ally Hartman. By 1964, it was being distributed across United States. The formula still used today was created by Bill (William) Jones. As of 2007, Mountain Dew was the 4th best selling carbonated soft drink in the United States, behind Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi-Cola, and Diet Coke. Mountain Dews Diet version ranked 9th in sales. On October 15, 2008, Mountain Dews official logo was redesigned to Mtn Dew, as a result of a PepsiCo re-branding of its core products. Currently in the UK, a new drink called Mountain Dew Energy has been introduced into the energy drink market. Mountain Dew was previously marketed in the UK in 1995, with a TV spot having the strap line Wild color, smooth taste. It was unsuccessful, and the sale of Mountain Dew in the UK was discontinued (except for imports) by 1997. [3] Mountain Dew in Pakistan (Situation Analysis): Mountain Dew was launched in Pakistan in 1994 by Pepsi Cola Inc. but failed to capture the market due to many reasons. Reasons of Failure Timing: It was launched at the end of July, but summer season in most part of the Pakistan starts from March and ends on September. So the timing to launch this product is not good. Packaging: It was introduced in glass bottles that were used by 7 UP. Same look, same color, only the brand name was changed. Distribution: Timing to launch Mountain Dew also affects the delivery and distribution system. Distributors did not take huge quantity of the drink. Fragmented Launching: The launch was fragmented. Instead of launching it in one city and covered more area they launch it in five cities (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad) covering only one or two location. That was not good. Awareness: Pepsi Cola Inc. did not advertise properly in media to make consumer aware of the product. Market Situation: In Pakistan consumption of soft drinks in high. So the market is very attractive for new entrants. The sales are remarkably high during summer and cultural occasions like Eid, Ramadan, Birthday parties etc. Majority population in Pakistan is from middle and lower class. Thus high prices of non-essential goods are not acceptable. So company has to be careful in setting or increasing prices. Competitive Situation: The major competitors for Mountain Dew will be 7 UP, Teem and Sprite These competitors are charging same pricesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rs.15 for disposable 250 ml bottle and Rs.10 for regular 250 ml bottle. Teem has very little advertisement where as 7 UP and Sprite are supported by Television advertisements, billboards etc. MARKETING PLAN I am going to re-launch it. I am assigning this product a separate business unit supported by required finance and facilities in the city of Karachi. Population of Karachi is estimated at 18 million. It is the best place for launching any product. People of Karachi are more risk taker and consider being a trendsetter for the rest of the country. Mountain Dew manufacturing plan will be located at SITE Industrial Area because of availability of resources like labor, electricity and most important water which plays an important role in manufacturing of soft drinks. Market Targeting Strategy A large group has been identified within the soft drink with similar wants for Mountain Dew and market segmentation will be done on the basis of geographic, demographics and psychographics of the customers. Positioning: Mountain Dew will be positioned as Refreshing and Energizing soft drink. Product Line: Mountain Dew will be launched in different packaging after getting success in a market. Price: Its price will be same as of its competitors. Distribution Outlets: Two channels will be used for distributionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Direct channel (sale promotion officers) Indirect channel (retail outlets). Mountain Dew will be provided to 10500 of these outlets. Company will generate 75% of sale from these outlets. Sales Force: 50 sales promotional officer will be hired who are responsible for the direct sales to institutions i.e. marriage halls, hotels, offices, universities. Sale Promotion: Discount will be offered to retailers and distributors. Consumers are offered with buy one get one free offers. Advertising: Initially company will have to spent huge amount on advertising to create awareness. Commercials on entertainment channels and Fm radio will be on aired 30 times a day for at least a month. Company will also advertise through news papers, billboards, banners. Marketing Research: Keeping in view of objective to satisfy customers efficiently and effectively, marketing team will keep in touch with customers to identify their buying preferences, taste etc. Building Customer Satisfaction Value Retention Mountain Dew is trying to get the image of refreshing soft drink with unique taste. Sales team, shopkeepers at retail outlets will be friendly and supportive with customers in forwarding their suggestions and complaints to the company. Objective is to delight customers once it is achieved it will create emotional bond with the brand. Customer Satisfaction Survey: Mountain Dew will have to conduct surveys after every three months for the first year of launching in order to identify customers satisfaction and dissatisfaction level and implement those changes suggested by surveys. Delivering Customer Value and Satisfaction After identifying the customer value and satisfaction factors the next important thing is to effectively deliver those values. Here is suggested value chain system for Mountain Dew. Primary Activities Inbound Logistic and Operations: Mountain Dew will be manufactured using advance technology and processing facility located at SITE Industrial Area, Karachi. Team of potential and experienced individual will be hired to support its operations. Outbound Logistic: Delivery of Mountain Dew in Karachi will be through Distributors. Distributors will be divided according to regions like East, West, North and South. If there are places beyond distributors access, Mountain Dew will use its delivery vans. Marketing: Different medias will be used for promotions and making consumers aware of the product unique features. Support Activities: Supporting activities like procurement, human resource, accounting etc. will be carried out by separate departments established for these purposes. Scanning Marketing Environment Now we are going to analyze macro environment, the demographic, economic, technological, political-legal and social cultural, for the re-launch of Mountain Dew. Demographic Environment The first of the macro environmental force is population. The company is interested in the size, density and growth rate of population of Karachi. Karachi Population Growth: Karachis population consists of 18 million people and population growing at the rate of 5% per annum. Population can be divided into five different aged groups: school-age children, teenagers, young adults aged 25 to 40, middle aged adults age 40 to 65 and age 65 and above. Company has to target decision makers that are young adults. Economic Environment Purchasing power determines the economic environment of a country. Purchasing power depends on income, prices, savings etc. The income level of people in Karachi is very low, trends of savings is not there. Economy is dependent on foreign debts. Majority of people in Karachi are salaried or daily wages labor. Average family income is round about Rs. 6000 or less. Technological Environment I dont consider technology as important factor for Mountain Dew. Political Legal Environment Political and legal environment affects marketing decisions. Pakistan is politically unstable. It gives negative indicator to foreign investors. So company has to seek some sort of assurance for the responsibility of regulating business from some agencies. Social cultural Pakistan has a mix culture. People are following inherited tradition, traditional norms and values. Due to high poverty people can not afford very cost. Many families in Pakistan live under one roof, so purchasing patterns of consumers are highly influenced by the advices and recommendations of other family members. Mountain Dew is being re-launched in Karachi, which is the largest city of Pakistan in terms of population, size and area. Here soft drinks are utilized through out year due to hot weather. The People of Karachi are considered trendsetters of the country. Competition Mountain Dew has identified its competitors as 7 UP, Sprite, Teem that are substitute for each other with a very little difference in taste and filling where as Mountain Dew falls in this category with unique taste and packaging. Mountain Dew has to face tough competition from Sprite (brand of Coca-Cola Company) and 7 UP (brand of Pepsi) both constitute 92% the market share. Competitors Profile Coca Cola Inc The Coca-Cola Company began its operation in Pakistan in 1953. Its brands include Coca-Cola ®, Fanta ®, Sprite ®. It has approximately 70000 retail outlets in its distribution list. The Coca-Cola Company sponsors the Basant Festival in Lahore, a festival that marks the beginning of spring and attracts tourist from all over the world. It also sponsor music concerts through out the country for teenagers and underprivileged children. The Coca-Cola company is the selected supplier for Pakistan Railway, serving soft drinks in stations, platform and on trains. 7 UP Pepsi Cola Inc. launched 7 UP in Pakistan in 1969. It is consider as the market leader in the white drinks category. Pepsi Cola introduced 7 UP in Pakistan in 1969. Today 7 UP is considered the market leader in the white drinks category. 7 UP is financially strong and well established brand. Competitive Strategy for Mountain Dew Mountain Dew is new to the soft drink market of Pakistan as it was failed in the previous experience due to not having good marketing strategy. After analysis I recommend following strategy moves for Mountain Dew in order to compete with 7 UP and Sprite. Product Proliferation Now it will be provided in variety of sizes (see table 1.1) in order to increase the consumption and making price conscious consumer buy the product as they will purchase it according to their specific need. Product Innovation Mountain Dew itself is an innovative product in the market of Pakistan because of it unique citrus taste and energizing attributes. Distribution Innovation Mountain Dew will not only rely on distributors but it will develop its own distribution channel in order to get access to the market from all the dimensions. Market Segmentation A large group has been identified within the soft drink with similar wants for Mountain Dew and market segmentation will be done on the basis of geographic, demographics and psychographics of the customers. Geographic At start it will be launched in Karachi city only after that it will be introduced in the rest of Sindh, Punjab, NWFP and Baluchistan. Developing an Advertising Program Advertisement is a cost effective way to circulate messages, whether, build brand preference or to educate people. Advertising Objective Convince the market of the brand superiority. Type of Advertising As Mountain Dew is at its initial stage, we will use informative advertising, making people aware of the product, its quality and benefits of using the product. Advertisement Budget Mountain Dew is at the beginning of product life cycle, as consumers are not aware of it, thus large investment will be required for advertisement. Advertising Message Forget past as its gone, look new and choice new which is Mountain Dew. Selecting Media For Mountain Dew advertisement we will chose media that is cost effective and covering large number of audience. As it is customer-oriented company, its goal is to serve maximum number of customers. Electronic Media Electronic media will be used for advertising Mountain Dew i.e. TV. Its commercials will be on aired on PTV (Pakistans national Channel) and entertainment channels like ARY Digital, Hum TV and GEO Entertainment. Print Media Apart from electronic media company will advertise in newspapers like The News, Dawn and Magazines like Akhbar-e-Jehan. Billboards Billboards will be place on all major areas of the cities like Deltons, SITE, Korangi Bridge, FTC etc. Sales Promotion: Sale promotion tools we are going to use for Mountain Dew are as under: Free Trials Free trails will be offered for the first week to 2000 consumer who visited retail outlets. Prizes / Contest For the first two month company will attach coupon to each bottle, after filling it customer will return this coupon to retailer who then forward to company, through lucky draw on weekly basis consumer will be awarded prizes like motorbike, bicycle, mobile etc. Critical Reflection on Learning Outcomes Mountain was first launched in 1994. It tried to get the image of activating and energetic soft drink with a unique citrus taste, providing customer with a highest product value. Customer had wide range of choices in selecting product quantity. Mountain Dew offered the same price as its competitors were offering i.e. Rs. 10 for regular bottle but with additional quantity of 50 ml. the reason it failed to capture the market was market plan. Following were the problem with there marketing plan: 1. Company introduced the product at the end of July, but summer season in Pakistan starts from march and ends on September, so the timing to introduce the product was not good. 2. It was introduced in glass bottles that were used by 7 UP. Same look, same color, only the brand name was changed 3. The launch was fragmented. Instead of launching it in one city and covered more area they launch it in five cities (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad) covering only one or two location. That was not good. 4. Pepsi Cola Inc. did not advertise properly in media to make consumer aware of the product. Why Organization Need Marketing Plan It is an essential document for both large corporate marketing departments and for startup companies. The Marketing Plan is generally undertaken for one of the following reasons: Needed as part of the yearly planning process within the marketing functional area. Needed for a specialized strategy to introduce something new, such as new product planning, entering new markets, or trying a new strategy to fix an existing problem. Is a component within an overall business plan, such as a new business proposal to the financial community? When writing the business plan, the Marketing Plan section explains how youre going to get your customers to buy your products and/or services. The marketing plan, then, will include sections detailing your: Products and/or Services and your Unique Selling Proposition Pricing Strategy Sales/Distribution Plan Advertising and Promotions Plan The easiest way to develop your marketing plan is to work through each of these sections, referring to the market research you completed when you were writing the previous sections of the business plan.

Abolitionists: Their Ideology, and Their Relation with Lincoln and Poli

During the 19th century the religious revival led to a corresponding social reform that would transform the American Society. Reformers led various campaigns including a campaign to close all public places such as shops and taverns on Sundays. The religious revival also led to the Abolition movement, which aimed to eliminate slavery in America. During the time up until the Civil war abolitionists would try to influence both society and politics using ways some of which were similar to those of political parties. The relationship between abolitionists, their ideals and politics was key in reforming national policy related to slavery. Though President Lincoln was opposed to slavery he was not an abolitionist. However despite this Lincoln was strongly influenced by their ideas and they often made their way into his own writings. By agitating against slavery both in and out of politics they were able to change the opinion of a public that had previously rejected them. During the1830s abolitionism was anything but main stream, most abolitionists were either black or they were pious whites . Some of the first abolitionists (in both the United States and the Britian) were Quakers. They believed that God loved every human â€Å"regardless of colour, sex or station in life.† Due to this belief Quakers seemed likely to conclude that â€Å"Slavery,† as denounced by Benjamin Lay, â€Å"was the greatest sin against God’s will,† and that it should be abolished. Before the American Revolution, Quaker reformers such as John Woolman, Anthony Benezet and Benjamin Lay began to publish their views and bring up the issue of slavery at Quaker meetings. Even in the Southern states, where many Quakers owned slaves their actions led to an increased number of fr... ... being as inclusive as the abolitionist societies. Abolitionists had used all means they could access to send their antislavery message across the nation. They used traditional methods such as lectures and petitions, as well as the new technology of the steam press to print large numbers of pamphlets and newspapers, to inform the American public (Foner, 20). Works Cited Scott, Donald. â€Å"Evangelicalism as a Social Movement.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center, 1. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. â€Å"American Abolitionism and Religion.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center. Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial, Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2011. Walters, Ronald G.. The Antislavery Appeal, American Abolitionism after 1830.Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. 1976.

Social Control Essay -- Sociology, Crime

Society is possible through social control. Without social control society would be left in anarchy. Social control is the â€Å"concerted efforts to constrain and direct the conduct of people by inducing conformity and preventing non conformity (Welch, Lecture, 2011).†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Social control is any action, either deliberate of unconscious, that influences conduct toward conformity, whether or not the person being influenced are aware of the process (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224).† Social control aims at creating a peaceful coexistence that allows society to live in a predictable manner. To the degree that members of a society abide by group rules and expectations, they will be able to know with some degree of certainty what others will do in a variety of situations (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224).† Society could not function with out a large amount of predictability. For example, drivers know not to drive through red lights because they have been socialized to understa nd the consequences of doing so. This allows the drivers crossing through the green light to predictable know that they can do so safely. To ensure predictability, social control also works to minimize non-conformity and deviance. Non-conformity challenges society’s sense of safety, security, propriety, and freedom (Hemmens, Walsh, 2011, p.224). Social control is exerted through formal social control and informal social control. Formal social control is â€Å"efforts by official agencies, acting in their designated capacity, to constrain and direct the conduct of people (Welch, Lecture, 2011).† Formal social control uses codified rules and regulations, or laws, which are punishable if violated. The criminal justice system uses formal social control in its practice. When individuals vi... ...ast as they could. If the police were more concerned with protecting Ron’s due process rights, Ron would have been protected from such an overzealous investigation and prosecution. Due process is the â€Å"equal treatment before the law; the constitutional mandate that criminal proceedings, from police to corrections, follow established rules or principles, that similar cases be handled in a similar fashion, and that a no person shall be adjudicated guilty without sufficient safeguards against state power (Welch, Lecture, 2011).† If Ron’s investigation and trial took the time to ensure that his rights were not being violated, and also weren’t tainted by police malpractice, Ron wouldn’t have been convicted of a crime he didn’t commit. An innocent man was put through a corrupt criminal justice system, and almost died because his due process rights were violated.

If you don’t believe in God, there is no point getting married

If I wanted to get married to someone but neither of us believed in God and then someone told us that there is no point getting married because we don't believe in God, I would obviously not love the person very much. If I had just accepted that and told the person I was engaged to that the wedding is off, then I wouldn't care about them very much in the first place if I didn't even think about what the person had told me properly. If you love someone and they ask you to marry them, could you not believing in God really destroy your marriage? Marriage is about love and promising to stay with that person for the rest of your life. The fact that someone doesn't believe in God can't force you into thinking that it isn't right to get married. If I had a different view, and thought that if you don't believe in God there is no point getting married, I can see why that is true in some cases. Most people get married in a church and hymns and holy songs can be sung. I could say that if someone didn't believe In God, what right do they have to make a promise in the house of God, which they may or may not keep. In conclusion, I think that Even If you don't believe in God, you should get married. If you really loved someone and really wanted to make that promise, you would step aside from your beliefs and commitments just for that day, so you can stay with the person you love, possibly forever.

Sunset on a Beach

The sun peaked through the horizon, if saying a final goodbye to this California beach bed. Before leaving she gave me a gift of pure peace and serenity. Holding my eyes prisoner to the heavenly sight she put in front of me. While my feet were held into the grainy sand in desperate need of warmth and the smell of salt invading my nostrils. The beach is warm, with a captivating view, and has pure peace. The beach is where my problems and stressed are released, where nothing goes wrong, it all just fades away along with the sunset.The struggle to open ten pound eyelids after a nap leaving you drooling and wanting more especially for what feels like the worst day is the worst possible feeling, and to the most irritating ringing noise makes it even harder. Once you remember the reason for this makes you eager to wake up quicker than realizing you have five minutes to get to school, and school is a fifteen minute drive. Stepping out of the bed to feel the unforgiving wood under my feet, t ip toing as if waling on ice, my body soon got used to floor. In search of a black and white bikini this room has become the aftermath of a tornado.In the middle of the disaster something sticks out at the corner and see there lies the bikini. Attempting to rush out of the house the clock tells there is still enough time till sunset. Throwing on shorts over the bikini and a black hoodie, trying to balance an apple in my mouth with keys entwined with my fingers, and hopping on one foot trying to force a shoe onto the wrong foot. Finally, making it to the car and putting the keys in the ignitions the car roars to life, beginning the ten minute drive down Sunset Blvd.  which is quick.A smile begins to erupt my face when the view of the ocean is seen, then pulling up to the perfect parking spot in view of the ocean. The chaos and failures of today begin to fade and the peace begins. Getting out of the car the sun’s rays instantly hits my eyes indicating she is getting ready to leave. Looking on the phone it reads six-thirty, the sunsets today at six forty-eight, having almost only thirty minutes before she goes to enjoy alone to have with her.Taking off my shoes so sand will have no chance at irritating my feet later, the warm beady sand gets in-between my toes sending them cozy vibration, along with the smell of the sea invading my nostrils. Walking in search for a seat, my eyes spot children running alongside each other playing and building castles, while couples stroll along the waves that invade their toes every eight seconds. While walking you can see their footprints imprinted into the sand temporarily before being taken back by the ocean. Laying a plaid red blanket so sand will not creep into my clothes, my body collapse onto the sand.Pulling my knees to my chest and laying my head onto my knees and begin to let all the stress and negative energy flow gently with the wind capturing them like a dream catchier sending them off to be killed by the sun ’s rays. Closing my eyes envisioning at this moment the beach reminding me of a sweet grandmother, there is no need for speaking because she already seen and felt the pain from past experiences that mom and dad had forgotten. When you cry she gently wipes away and tells you stories from her past mistakes so you feel like someone understands and makes you laugh at her past altercations.When you have anger she shows you peace with a simple smile that warms the heart. Opening my eyes and hear again the beautiful sound of giggles coming from children running along the sand with the waves violating the shores, and seagull’s scavenger hunting for their next meal. Soon people begin to sit in their towels or blankets holding each other smiling and laughing, all comes to a halt when the sun begins to return to rise in her new home, but not before she leaves us all with a breathtaking view of her heart that holds us prisoner till she finally leaves.What seems like hours the stre et lights finally begin to flicker on, and that is when everyone begins to pack their belongings to leave yet another beautiful sunset at a California beach. Packing my belongings and taking one final glance of where once shined a light of pure passion and serenity, a smile again tugs on my lips to remember that feeling of getting a gift. A gift to which that is imprinted into my memory till my death bed. Putting my belongings in my car a thought pops in my head.That everyone has their place of peace where nothing can go wrong, where you can smile for no reason but for the memories that no camera could capture, and to unwind and surrender to a place of tranquility, for some it is home or their mind, but for me it is the beach. The atmosphere the beach has from the weather, the feeling, and the view is what draws one in like a melody. The weather ever so warm with a gentle breeze that blows hair like a blow dryer on cool. The feeling of pure peace and serenity, having a full body cle anse from all the negative energy.Then a view that can captivate any onlooker’s eyes, like an angel falling out of the heavens to disappear as if nothing happened. Putting instant memories with family and friends like a video tape in a VCR replaying the laughs and smiles. The beach can always leave you with a smile on anyone’s face no matter the stress or torment the dealt with that day. The beach is like a gift; something given voluntarily without payment in return, as to show favor toward someone, honor an occasion, or make a gesture of assistance; present. It might not be in your hands but it can always be felt, and never seems to fail at satisfying.

The Roots Of Slavery Are The Mediterranean Region And Sugar

Two things that can be linked to the roots of slavery are the Mediterranean region and sugar. It wasn’t until the time of the Crusades that Europeans even knew about sugars existence, they had previously depended on fruits and honey to amplify the taste in their dull diets. Europeans learned about sugarcane and the labor intensive processes for making consumable sugar from the Arabs. Armed with tremendous amounts of capital investment, technology, and a disciplined work force, Europeans started building sugar plantations around the Mediterranean and several islands off the West African coast. Hardships and hazards of the work as well as limitations fastened to serf labor, and the overall lack of wage workers altogether, pointed to slavery as a foundation for labor on the sugar plantation. So why Africans? Through a process of elimination we can deduce why they were chosen as the primary source for slave labor instead of the plentiful and readily available native Indians (wh o were already in the Americas); poor whites and indentured servants. Why Not Native Indians? The native Indians were a poor choice to use as the source for slave labor because in addition to their unwillingness to conform to the new way of life, they rapidly died from European diseases and the harsh labor demands. Indians also had a European champion on their side who campaigned for their freedom. Bartolome de Las Casas, a Spanish priest, was dismayed when he observed Indians being tormented by hisShow MoreRelatedSlavery Is Bad1829 Words   |  8 PagesInformative essay: Slavery argument by Jameson Jenkins English 1315, essay 5 Jenna Garrett 26 October 2011 Jenkins i Outline Thesis statement: Slavery is a bad way to run a country ethically, socially and economically. I. 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Broadly conceived and remarkably comprehensive, Bonnie Smith’s essay provides an overview of the gendering of political and social transformations over the course of the twentieth century. Attentive to differences across cultures and regions and under varying political regimes, Smith chronicles the struggles of women to improve their situation within the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different timesRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesdelivered the Saturday Evening Post and the Lawrence Democrat. With the money, he hoped to buy new boots. Instead, Grandmother Mary used it to make a partial payment on the mortgage. To Langston, the word mortgage seemed almost as bad as the words slavery or Jim Crow Laws, the rules of segregation that kept him and other blacks from using public restrooms or drinking from public fountains, entering certain stores, associating with whites in restaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted

The U.S. And Great Britain Special Relationship

The rock-solid relationship between the United States and Great Britain that President Barack Obama described during his March 2012 meetings with British Prime Minister David Cameron was, in part, forged in the fires of World Wars I and II. Despite fervent wishes to remain neutral in both conflicts, the U.S. allied with Great Britain both times. World War I World War I erupted in August 1914, the result of long-standing European imperial grievances and arms races. The United States sought neutrality in the war, having just experienced its own brush with imperialism that included the Spanish-American War in 1898, (of which Great Britain approved), and the disastrous Filipino Insurrection that soured Americans on further foreign entanglements. Nevertheless, the United States expected neutral trade rights; that is, it wanted to trade with belligerents on both sides of the war, including Great Britain and Germany. Both of those countries opposed the American policy, but while Great Britain would stop and board U.S. ships suspected of carrying goods to Germany, German submarines took the more dire action of sinking American merchant ships. After 128 Americans died when a German U-Boat sank the British luxury liner Lusitania (surreptitiously hauling weapons in its hold) U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and his Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan successfully got Germany to agree to a policy of restricted submarine warfare. Incredibly, that meant a sub had to signal a targeted ship that it was about to torpedo it so that personnel could debark the vessel. In early 1917, however, Germany renounced restricted sub warfare and returned to unrestricted sub warfare. By now, American merchants were showing an unabashed bias toward Great Britain, and the British rightly feared renewed German sub attacks would cripple their trans-Atlantic supply lines. Great Britain actively courted the United States—with its manpower and industrial might—to enter the war as an ally. When British intelligence intercepted a telegram from Germanys Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico encouraging Mexico to ally with Germany and create a diversionary war on Americas southwestern border, they quickly notified the Americans. The Zimmerman Telegram was genuine, although at first glance it seems like something British propagandists might fabricate to get the U.S. into the war. The telegram, combined with Germanys unrestricted sub warfare, was the tipping point for the United States. It declared war on Germany in April 1917. The U.S. enacted a Selective Service Act, and by Spring 1918 had enough soldiers in France to help England and France turn back a massive German offensive. In Fall 1918, under the command of General John J. Blackjack Pershing, American troops flanked the German lines while British and French troops held the German front in place. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive forced Germany to surrender. Treaty of Versailles Great Britain and the United States took moderate stances at the post-war treaty talks in Versailles, France. France, however, having survived two German invasions in the last 50 years, wanted severe punishments for Germany, including the signing of a war guilt clause and the payment of onerous reparations. The U.S. and Britain were not so adamant about the reparations, and the U.S. loaned money to Germany in the 1920s to help with its debt. The United States and Great Britain were not in full agreement, though. President Wilson forwarded his optimistic Fourteen Points as a blueprint for post-war Europe. The plan included an end to imperialism and secret treaties; national self-determination for all countries; and a global organization—the League of Nations—to mediate disputes. Great Britain could not accept Wilsons anti-imperialist aims, but it did accept the League, which Americans—fearing more international involvement—did not. Washington Naval Conference In 1921 and 1922, the U.S. and Great Britain sponsored the first of several naval conferences designed to give them dominance in total tonnage of battleships. The conference also sought to limit a Japanese naval buildup. The conference resulted in a ratio of 5:5:3:1.75:1.75. For every five tons the U.S. and British had in battleship displacement, Japan could have only three tons, and France and Italy could each have 1.75 tons. The agreement fell apart in the 1930s when militaristic Japan and fascist Italy disregarded it, even though Great Britain tried to extend the pact. World War II When England and France declared war on Germany after its invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, the United States again tried to remain neutral. When Germany defeated France, then attacked England in the summer of 1940, the resulting Battle of Britain shook the United States out of its isolationism. The United States began a military draft and started building new military equipment. It also began arming merchant ships to carry goods through the hostile North Atlantic to England (a practice it had abandoned with the policy of Cash and Carry in 1937); traded World War I-era naval destroyers to England in exchange for naval bases, and began the Lend-Lease program. Through Lend-Lease the United States became what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the arsenal of democracy, making and supplying materiel of war to Great Britain and others fighting Axis powers. During World War II, Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill held several personal conferences. They met first off the coast of Newfoundland aboard a navy destroyer in August 1941. There they issued the Atlantic Charter, an agreement in which they outlined the goals of the war. Of course, the U.S. was not officially in the war, but tacitly FDR pledged to do all he could for England short of formal war. When the U.S. officially joined the war after Japan attacked its Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Churchill went to Washington where he spent the holiday season. He talked strategy with FDR in the Arcadia Conference, and he addressed a joint session of the U.S. Congress—a rare event for a foreign diplomat. During the war, FDR and Churchill met at the Casablanca Conference in North Africa in early 1943 where they announced the Allied policy of unconditional surrender of Axis forces. In 1944 they met at Tehran, Iran, with Josef Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union. There they discussed war strategy and the opening of a second military front in France. In January 1945, with the war winding down, they met at Yalta on the Black Sea where, again with Stalin, they talked about post-war policies and the creation of the United Nations. During the war, the U.S. and Great Britain cooperated in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, Italy, France, and Germany, and several islands and naval campaigns in the Pacific. At the wars end, as per an agreement at Yalta, the United States and Britain split the occupation of Germany with France and the Soviet Union. Throughout the war, Great Britain acknowledged that the United States had surpassed it as the worlds top power by accepting a command hierarchy that put Americans in supreme command positions in all major theaters of the war.